Developmental Theories In Relation Health â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Developmental Theories In Relation Health? Answer: Introducation This essay is about a 4 month old boy Jay who is admitted in the pediatric due to emergency. He has experienced symptoms of vomiting, poor diet, no actions in bowel and intermittent spasmodic abdominal pains. After the ultrasound was conducted, intussusception was considered to be the main reason of present symptoms experienced by Jay when he was admitted in the ward. He was observed by the doctors and the nurses and electrolyte monitoring and IV therapy was conducted until a contrast enema could be implemented to correct the intussusception. The doctors have advised him to stay for at least 2 days and during this period, Jays mother is informed that the rotavirus vaccine was given to him is the main reason of his health issue. His mother is quite concerned about the vaccines he will be taking in future. This essay demonstrates the pathophysiology of intussusceptions and the growth and developmental theories in relation to the health disease suffered by Jay. It also demonstrates fami ly centered care and the effects of hospitalization on Jay and his family members. Intussusception occurs when a part of intestine interferes with the lumen of intestine and results in the destruction in bowel. Pathophysiology involves an imbalance in the forces which occur in the walls of intestine due to disorganization in the peristaltic movement. Due to peristalsis a portion of intestine interferes into the lumen of bowel adjacent to it. It also involves prevention of lymphatic return and impairment of venous drainage due to increase in pressure in the wall of intussusceptum (Ewart Perea,2017).Due to the continuation of obstructive process, an increase in pressure inhibits the inflow of arteries. This ultimately results in the perforation of the gangrene. There are several growth and development theories such as JMD theories which include psychoanalytical theory proposed by Freud. He was the first to identify the development of an individual through several stages such as oral stage, anal stage, phallic stage, latency and Genital stage. This theory played an important role in helping nurses in understanding the behavior and condition of mental health in different patients (Hahn, Coricelli Matteo, 2016).It also helps in understanding different behaviors of patients related to ego and id. Freud theory helps individuals to accept who they are and improve their health and well being. Piaget theory of cognitive development focuses on the fact that interaction with the environment plays a significant role in the development of human beings. The nurses gain knowledge and understand the main features of developmental psychology and it helps them to assess the stage of development a childhas attained. This helps them accomplishing several tasks of development. Piagets theory has made a significant contribution in understanding the intellectual level and cognitive development in children. There are several examples of cognitive development for this age group such as the brain of the child grows at a rapid rate as compared to any other organ in his body (Mischel, 2013). Maslows hierarchy of needs theory is a theory of psychology that aims to motivate individuals and is based on a five stage model that includes biological and physiological needs such as air, food, drink, shelter, warmth, and sleep. Safety needs include protection and security, law, stability, order, and freedom from fear (Maslow, 2013).Love and belongingness needs include, friendship, intimacy, trust and acceptance, receiving and giving love and affection, social interaction among family, friends, and work. Esteem needs include achievement, independence, status, dominance, which plays a very important role in realizing potential of self, self-fulfillment, seeking personal advice for growth and development. This theory helps nurses and health care professional to motivate patients suffering from different types of disorders and diseases (Maslow, 2013). Jay should be treated empathetically and with courteousness by the nurses. They should help them in all the daily activities such as playing, eating, providing proper training and improve his learning skills. Nurses should monitor his vital signs and symptoms efficiently. A nasogastric tube should be inserted to reduce the size of the bowel. IV fluids should be administered effectively as prescribed by the doctor. His mother should be counseled that she should not worry about vaccination of Jay in future. He should be provided proper rest and sleep intake so that they do not have any health effects in future. The nursing staff along with the doctors and clinicians should provide proper assistance and psychosocial care which would help in his proper growth and development (Curtis et al., 2013).It may prevent mental issues such as anxiety and may have a positive impact on the psychological condition of Jay. Family centered care plays a significant role in improving the well being of the members of the patient. It involves providing care sucgh as emotional care, motivation and guidance which helps them to prevent depressive symptoms and other health disorders related to it. Healthcare staff should have a responsible attitude towards their patients as well as their family members. The doctors and the nursing staff should act as a guide and provide support in all their problems and issues (Festini, 2014).They should advise them about the precautionary measures to be followed .This will improve the psychosocial health of the family members of the patient and help her in getting cured in less amount of time. Cognitive development is the field of studying psychology that focuses on the development of child on the basis of his or her ability to learn, process the information and the development of brain (Lehne Rosenthal, 2014). Cognitive behavioral therapy should be provided to Jay that would play a significant role in getting well soon (Ehde, Dillworth Turner, 2014).The nurses should have patience during communication with his family members. They should treat them with respect and also understand their requirements. Palliative care should be given to her in a proper manner which is special type of care to that provides relief from both physical and mental pain and stress (Poulsen et al., 2014).The nursing staff should process the information gathered by them by analyzing the data by proper understanding of important signs and symptoms in the patient They should discriminate correct from incorrect information to avoid any errors in the treatment procedure. Jay should be advised to follow several precautions such as proper sleep intake balanced diet and regular exercise. His mother should be guided to take advice with other children who have experienced the same health issue. He should be provided counseling with a psychiatrist to share her feelings that will instill positivity in her. Nurses should treat him with empathy and courteousness towards Jay and should provide quality care according to his needs (Mischel, 2013).There are several nursing care goals for providing priority nursing care in relation to the nursing issues that have been identified. Jay should be empowered and provided care by understanding his medical condition. He should be advised to follow a few precautions to manage emotional issues like taking proper sleep and a well balanced diet. There would be negative effects of hospitalization of the child, on the child and her family. The main reason behind it is that he is very young to bear the pain of the surgical procedure and has been advised to stay in the hospital for 2 days which is quite longer for a child of4 months. He might also not feel comfortable with intravenous therapy, electrolyte monitoring and ultrasound. The family members of the patient also suffer from several issues due to hospitalization such as financial crisis, responsibilities related to house old, negative effects on the education of other children, and boredom (gotneset al.,2016). The hospitalization of Jay might to depression and other mental issues in the family members. The family members of the patient should be taken care of by the hospital staff and helped whenever in need regarding to the treatment of patient and other issues related to accommodation and transport. The nurses should give respect and handle them with patience. They shou ld also think from their point of view by providing proper solution to their doubts (Lehne Rosenthal, 2014). Involvement of proper communication skills with the patient would plays a majior role in improving the hospital journey in Jay. It would delay the tratment if there is no appropriate communication and may alos lead to a negative impact in the health condition of Jay(Curtis et al., 2013). It would ultimately reasult in a lack of trust and satisfaction in the medical treatment provided by the doctors nad the nuring staff. Doctors and nurses should have a responsible attitude towards Jay as well as her family members (Gordon et al., 2012).They should be provided adequate training in which will help in proper growth and development of their child. Jay should be advised to have a nutritional diet along with plenty of fluids which would help in the regeneration of tissue and healing.. Nurses and other hospital staff should wash hands properly as it is significant in preventing infection. They should use clean and aseptic techniques in order to prevent contamination. It can be summarized that the clinicians and the nursing staff should provide appropriate care and follow ups after the treatment to Jay. His family members should be counseled and guided properly to take appropriate rest and follow several precautions to improve the condition of his health. Jay should be provided proper nursing care as advised by the doctors. He should be advised to manage the disease and be positive about his health. which would result in improvement of his health condition. This will help him getting proper mediacal treatment and patient satisfaction and would alo improve trust between Jay and the doctors and the nurses of the hospital. References gotnes, G., Jacobsen, F. F., Harrington, C., Petersen, K. A. (2016). A Critical Review of Research on Hospitalization from Nursing Homes; What is Missing?.Ageing International,41(1), 3-16. Curtis, J. R., Back, A. L., Ford, D. W., Downey, L., Shannon, S. E., Doorenbos, A. Z., ... Arnold, R. W. (2013). 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